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This Phoenician city on the southern coast of Lebanon ruled the Mediterranean Sea and founded prosperous colonies such as Cadiz and . [121], In early January 2011, the national unity government collapsed due to growing tensions stemming from the Special Tribunal for Lebanon, which was expected to indict Hezbollah members for the Hariri assassination. Lebanon stood in the main path of the First Crusade's advance on Jerusalem from Anatolia. Artifacts recovered from the site include Ksar Akil flakes, the main type of tool found at the site, along with shells with holes and chipped edge modifications that are suggested to have been used as pendants or beads. City of Lebanon - Authority (PA) | Pay Your Bill Online - doxo Geagea was released on 26 July 2005 and left immediately for an undisclosed European nation to undergo medical examinations and convalesce. The best source (in Arabic) for Fakhr ad-Din's career up to this point is a memoir signed by al-Khalidi as-Safadi, who was not with the Emir in Europe but had access to someone who was, possibly Fakhr ad-Din himself. Israel defended its actions by informing the Lebanese government that it was responsible for encouraging the PFLP. Following the fall of Roman/Christian Anatolia to the Muslim Turks of the Seljuk Empire in the 11th century, the Romans in Constantinople appealed to the Pope in Rome for assistance. ", "Lebanon's Banks Set Limits They Won't Call Capital Controls - Bloomberg", "Lebanese Protesters Addressed President Aoun with an Urgent Demand/", "Lebanon will default on its debt for the first time ever", "IMF reports $49bn losses at Lebanon central bank as bailout talks drag", "Lebanese central bank governor inflated assets as liabilities grew-audit", "Lebanon Contracts New York Firm for Forensic Audit of Central Bank", "Clashes Erupt in Beirut at Blast Protest as Lebanon's Anger Boils over", "Lebanon: Lethal Force Used Against Protesters", "Lebanese protesters fight to bring down the system", "Leaders fear crisis sparked by Beirut blast could lead to civil war", "UN launches $565-million appeal for Beirut explosion victims", "Lebanese Sunni leaders endorse Mikati to form new government", "Lebanese billionaire Najib Mikati picked as new PM-designate", "Aprs 13 mois, un gouvernement enfin form au Liban", "Liban: le premier ministre Najib Mikati annonce la composition du nouveau gouvernement", "Deadly clashes erupt over judge investigating Beirut blast", "After elections in Lebanon, does political change stand a chance? It is a municipal authority operated by your neighbors and governed by an experienced board of trustees. [70] A 50-square-kilometre piece of mountain terrain, commonly referred to as the Shebaa farms, remains under the control of Israel. [138] It was remarked at the time that Lebanon, whose population is under 7 million, "produces little and imports about 80 percent of the goods it consumes. The entire French mandate area was termed "Syria" at the time, including the administrative districts along the Mediterranean coast. "[144][145] Also on 14 August, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) launched a $565 million appeal for donors of aid to victims of the explosion. [115] On December 30, 2005, the Lebanese army dismantled two other Katyusha rockets found in the border town of Naqoura, an action suggesting increased vigilance following PM Saniora's angry remarks. That in turn caused the complex and opaque financial engineering with which the BdL maintained the nation's tenuous stability to crash and burn. These outlets . [130], In October 2019 a series of country-wide protests began in response to many of the government's failures and malfeasances. Constitutionally guaranteed Christian control of the government had come under increasing fire from Muslims and leftists, leading them to join forces as the National Movement in 1969, which called for the taking of a new census and the subsequent drafting of a new governmental structure that would reflect the census results. The Canaanite alphabet later developed into the Phoenician one (with sister alphabets of Hebrew, Aramaic and Moabite), influencing the entire Mediterranean region. This dispute reflected increasing tensions between Christian and Muslim communities over the distribution of political power, and would ultimately foment the outbreak of civil war in 1975. In the late 1990s, the government took action against Sunni Muslim extremists in the north who had attacked its soldiers, and it continues to move against groups such as Asbat al-Ansar, which has been accused of being partnered with Osama bin Laden's al-Qaida network. In all, it is estimated that more than 100,000 were killed, and another 100,000 handicapped by injuries, during Lebanon's 16-year war. Nasrallah also reiterated his earlier calls for the destruction of Israel saying "To this enemy we say again: There is no place for you here and there is no life for you among us. This doubled the territory under the control of Beirut, at the expense of what would become the state of Syria. [111] The UN Security Council accused Hezbollah of initiating the hostilities. In his speech Nasrallah blasted UN Security-Council Resolution 1559, which calls for Hezbollah's militia to be disbanded, as foreign intervention. The City of Lebanon is excited to offer residents an easy and convenient method to pay their utility, residential/commercial property tax, and business license bills online. [141], On 4 August 2020, the Beirut explosion occurred in the port sector of the city, destroying hectares of buildings and killing over 200 people. The PLO's "vicious terrorist attacks in Israel"[54] dating from this period were countered by Israeli bombing raids in southern Lebanon, where "150 or more towns and villageshave been repeatedly savaged by the Israeli armed forces since 1968," of which the village of Khiyam is probably the best-known example. During the 1960s, Lebanon enjoyed a period of relative calm, with Beirut-focused tourism and banking sector-driven prosperity. https://conta.cc/44aLN8r. [28][29] It centralizes all business related activities in the City and provides the infrastructure needed to conduct normal business functions as well as providing centralized accountability to our citizens. Wanting to maximize the area under its direct control, contain an Arab Syria centered on Damascus, and ensure a defensible border, France moved the Lebanon-Syrian border to the Anti-Lebanon Mountains, east of the Beqaa Valley, territory which had historically belonged to the province of Damascus for hundreds of years, and was far more attached to Damascus than Beirut by culture and influence. Herodotus attests the persistence of traces of the Phoenician alphabet in Greece on tripods in Delphi in what is now known as the 5th century BC. [84] Including these is the Maronite Patriarch Mar Nasrallah Boutros Sfeirthe most eminent religious figure for Maronitesand the Druze leader Walid Jumblatt. Redevelopment Commission - City of Lebanon [100] Phoenician traders exported spices from Arabia, such as cinnamon and frankincense, to the Greeks. [123] The parliament elected Najib Mikati, the candidate for the Hezbollah-led March 8 Alliance, Prime Minister of Lebanon, making him responsible for forming a new government. [131][132] Days before protests broke out, a series of about 100 major wildfires in Chouf, Khroub and other Lebanese areas displaced hundreds of people and caused enormous damage to Lebanese wildlife. Multiple news agencies estimated the crowd at between 800,000 and 1 milliona show of force for the Sunni Muslim, Christian and Druze communities. The principal parties were Hezbollah paramilitary forces and the Israeli military. All email communications from us will be from PUBLICSURPLUS.COM (not .US, .CO, .NET, -US.COM, publicsurplus-auction.com, publicsurplus-bids.com, publicsurplusBIDS . Bashir III, coming on the heels of a man who by guile, force and diplomacy had dominated Mt Lebanon and the Biqa for 52 years, did not last long. Youssef Bey Karam,[32] a Lebanese nationalist played an influential role in Lebanon's independence during this era. The constitution gave the president veto power over any legislation approved by parliament, virtually ensuring that the 6:5 ratio would not be revised in case the population distribution changed. The earliest prehistoric cultures of Lebanon, such as the Qaraoun culture gave rise to the civilization of the Canaanite period, when the region was populated by ancient peoples, cultivating land and living in sophisticated societies during the 2nd millennium BC. The Phoenicians founded various colonies in the Mediterranean. Though Hezbollah organized a very successful rally, opposition leaders were quick to point out that Hezbollah had active support from Lebanon's government and Syria. [21] He also strengthened Lebanon's strategic position by expanding its territory, building forts as far away as Palmyra in Syria, and gaining control of Palestine. 85. The first is an Emergency Rehabilitation Program. This was mostly because Mount Lebanon became a centre of silk production for export to Europe. [81] On January 28, 2005, UN Security Council Resolution 1583 called upon the Government of Lebanon to fully extend and exercise its sole and effective authority throughout the south, including through the deployment of sufficient numbers of Lebanese armed and security forces, to ensure a calm environment throughout the area, including along the Blue Line, and to exert control over the use of force on its territory and from it. [7] Muslim influence increased greatly in the seventh century, when the Umayyad capital was established at nearby Damascus. Meanwhile, on the political front, Prime Minister Rashid Karami, head of a government of national unity set up after the failed peace efforts of 1984, was assassinated on June 1, 1987. SUBDIVISION REGULATIONS . We want you to be informed about your water supply. Richard Burton, Chairman 6 High St., Lebanon, NJ 08833, 908-236-2704 rburton@lebanonboro.com. [146], Following the resignation of Prime Minister Hassan Diab in August 2020, both Mustafa Adib and Saad Hariri failed to form a government. [citation needed] The Druze overlords voted for the Shihabs to rule Mount Lebanon and the Chouf by the threat of the Ottoman Empire who wanted the Sunnis to rule Lebanon[citation needed]. Its head Jussuf Aga Ibn Mamluk was reportedly a son of the Anti-Shiite Jazzar Pasha. Key facts about Lebanon. City of Lebanon 735 Cumberland Street Lebanon, PA 17042 Responding to the announcement, opposition leader Walid Jumblatt said that he wanted to hear more specifics from Damascus about any withdrawal: "It's a nice gesture but 'next few months' is quite vaguewe need a clear-cut timetable". Fakhr-al-Din was taken to Constantinople and kept in the Yedikule (Seven Towers) prison for two years. Jamil Al Sayyed, a Syrian ally in the Lebanese security forces, resigned on 25 April, just a day before the final Syrian troops pulled out of Lebanon. In 1623, the prince angered the Ottomans by refusing to allow an army on its way back from the Persian front to winter in the Bekaa. [9] Many Phoenician colonies continued their independent existencemost notably Carthage. [18] The Ottomans, through the two main feudal families, the Maans who were Druze and the Chehabs who were Sunni Muslim Arab converts to Maronite Christianity, ruled Lebanon until the middle of the nineteenth century. 4 (1973), pp 272-287, The quote is: "The police state has proven its efficiency in targeting one of the symbols of the nation ", see, History of ancient Lebanon Persian_Empire, 1860 strife between Druze and Maronites in Lebanon, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, an Israeli commando flew into Beirut's international airport, Learn how and when to remove this template message, attacks on the U.S. Marine and French parachute regiment barracks, was assassinated in a car-bomb attack which killed 21 and wounded 100, United Nations International Independent Investigation Commission, ever deepening foreign reserves liquidity crisis, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, "Ornaments of the earliest Upper Paleolithic: New insights from the Levant", "Douka, K. 2011. Najib Mikati was designated to fill the role on 26 July 2021. City of Lebanon Subdivision Regulations . The modern State of Lebanon has existed within its current borders since 1920, when Greater Lebanon was created under French and British mandate, resulting from the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I. He would reform taxes and attempt to break the feudal system, in order to undercut rivals, the most important of which was also named Bashir: Bashir Jumblatt, whose wealth and feudal backers equaled or exceeded Bashir IIand who had increasing support in the Druze community. As such the Franks saw them as Roman Catholic brethren. [94] On February 28 the government of pro-Syrian Prime Minister Omar Karami resigned, calling for a new election to take place. The Druze began a military campaign that included the burning of villages and massacres, while Maronite irregulars retaliated with attacks of their own. PDF City of Lebanon Authority In the approach to World War I, Beirut became a center of various reforming movements, and would send delegates to the Arab Syrian conference and Franco-Syrian conference held in Paris. After the election of then-commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces mile Lahoud as president in 1998 following Hrawi's extended term as president, Salim al-Hoss again served as Prime Minister. CoLA's primary mission is to provide safe drinking water and reliable sewer service to its residential, commercial, industrial, and municipal customers at the lowest possible price. Traffic Tickets Utility & Tax Payments Notify Me Find out what's happening Online Bill Pay Easily pay your bills online Recreation Classes, camps & more City Videos Local Lebanese pressure mounted as well. [Column] City of Lebanon Authority explains water rate increase However, Bashir Chehab was depicted as a nasty leader because Bashir Jumblatt was his all-time friend and has saved his life when the Keserwan peasants tried to kill the prince, by sending 1000 of his men to save him. This is a demography of the population of Lebanon including population density, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.. About 95% of the population of Lebanon is either Muslim or Christian, split across various sects and denominations.Because the matter of religious balance is a sensitive political issue, a national . The Israeli forces finally withdrew from south of Lebanon in May 2000, though the Syrian occupation of most Lebanon still continued. Bashir II was not a forgiving man and repressed the Druze rebellion, particularly in and around Beirut. The relationship between the Druze and Christians has been characterized by harmony and peaceful coexistence,[25][26][27][24] with amicable relations between the two groups prevailing throughout history, with the exception of some periods, including 1860 Mount Lebanon civil war. In October 1990, the Syrian air force, backed by the US and pro-Syrian Lebanese groups (including Hariri, Joumblatt, Berri, Geagea and Lahoud) attacked the Presidential Palace at B'abda and forced Aoun to take refuge in the French embassy in Beirut and later go into exile in Paris. Fakhr-al-Din, and one or two of his sons, were accused of treason and executed there on 13 April 1635. The long siege of Deir al Qamar found a Maronite garrison holding out against Druze forces backed by Ottoman soldiers; the area in every direction was despoiled by the besiegers. At least 169 soldiers, 287 insurgents and 47 civilians were killed in the battle. [1], It is believed to be one of the earliest known sites containing Upper Paleolithic technologies. [119] The Lebanese government denounced the violence as a coup attempt. Bob Sentz Email & Phone Number - City of Lebano.. | ZoomInfo Canaanites were the creators of the oldest known 24-letter alphabet, a shortening of earlier 30-letter alphabets such as Proto-Sinaitic and Ugaritic. 1. of . Philip Habib was dispatched to the region to head off further escalation, which he successfully did via an agreement concluded in May. The Shihabs were originally a Sunni Muslim family, but converted to Christianity[22] in the late-18th century. The Druze prince treated all the religions equally and was the one who formed Lebanon. An Upper Palaeolithic shell scraper from Ksar Akil (Lebanon). Like all formerly Ottoman areas, Syria was a Class A Mandate, deemed to " have reached a stage of development where their existence as independent nations can be provisionally recognized subject to the rendering of administrative advice and assistance by a Mandatory until such time as they are able to stand alone. In July 1860, with European intervention threatening, the Turkish government tried to quiet the strife, but Napoleon III of France sent 7,000 troops to Beirut and helped impose a partition: The Druze control of the territory was recognized as the fact on the ground, and the Maronites were forced into an enclave, arrangements ratified by the Concert of Europe in 1861. Tyre Another one of the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world. The last phrase is usually regarded by modern historians as lending credibility to the Phoencian narrative, as they could not have otherwise known that the sun would be on their right hand side as they sailed southwards below the Equator line. Details on this program including eligibility requirements are available by contacting the Lebanon County Redevelopment Authority at (717)274-1401 x 134. [125] A report leaked by the Al-Akhbar newspaper in November 2010 stated that Hezbollah has drafted plans for a takeover of the country if the Special Tribunal for Lebanon issues an indictment against its members. Since most of the silk went to Marseille, the French began to have a great impact in the region. The UN Security Council passed Resolution 425 calling for an immediate Israeli withdrawal and creating the UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), charged with maintaining peace. The 2006 Lebanon War was a 34-day military conflict in Lebanon and northern Israel. The Redevelopment Commission keeps watch on the city's TIF (Tax Increment Financing) districts, ensuring the decisions made are in the best interest for the City of Lebanon and its residents. For the remaining 8 years, the sectarian and feudal rifts of the 18211825 conflict were heightened by the increasing economic isolation of the Druze, and the increasing wealth of the Maronites. [31] The French forces deployed there were then used to enforce the final decision. In addition to the fighting between religious groups, there was rivalry between Maronite groups.