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Some attempt was made at founding There is some evidence that by 1559 he led a voyage to the Barbary Coast to secure the release of an English hostage, Anthony Hammond. An early version of Thanksgiving was celebrated after the safe landing of Frobisher's fleet in Newfoundland after an unsuccessful attempt to find the North-west Passage. A portrait of him can be found at Normanton railway station. [29], Although Frobisher may have expressed interest in a search for the North-west Passage as early as 1560, it was only much later that he actively pursued the idea. In 1572 he was directed to the Irish coast to provide logistical support for the English campaign against the Desmond Rebellions. 2 He was the son of Bernard Frobisher and Margaret Yorke. . Martin Frobisher (abt.1535-1594) | WikiTree FREE Family Tree He returned a couple times thereafter, and once on the Queen's command. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. The Company of Cathay investors lost some 20,000, and Frobisher's dream of a fourth expedition seemed an impossible one. [25], Starting in 1571 Frobisher was involved in various plots that ran counter to government interest. With their help, Frobisher was free again in March 1570. Having become interested in the possibility of finding a Northwest Passage to the Pacific Ocean, Frobisher in 1576 obtained the command of three small ships, in one of which he succeeded in crossing the Atlantic that year. Sir Martin Frobisher (1535 - 1594) - Genealogy - Geni.com Great preparations were made and considerable expense incurred It was scrapped in 1921. Frobisher persuaded a number of London merchants to finance his expedition. Following his fathers death, the seven year old Martin was sent to London to earn a living with his Uncle, Sir John York. [56], In 1577, a much bigger expedition than the former was fitted out. Sir Martin Frobisher, (born c. 1535, Yorkshire, Englanddied November 22, 1594, Plymouth, Devon), English navigator and early explorer of Canadas northeast coast. Frobisher was chosen to lead 15 vessels and establish a colony on Baffin Island. https://www.worldhistory.org/Martin_Frobisher/. {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/12371/inuit-skirmish-by-john-white/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/12371/inuit-skirmish-by-john-white/","caption":"An illustration by John White of a violent encounter with Inuit during an expedition by \r\nSir Martin Frobisher (c. 1535-1594 CE) to find the Northwest passage in the 1570s CE. Christopher Schutz - Wikipedia He married in 1559. Frobisher secured an appointment as captain of Foresight and sailed in early March 1580; in November, he participated in the Siege of Smerwick at the Dingle Peninsula,[91] a rocky promontory on the southwestern shore of Kerry, where Emanuel had wrecked two years previously. The fleet anchored at St Magnus Sound in the Orkney Islands on 7 June 1577 to take on water, and weighed anchor that evening. In 1508 Sebastian Cabot led one of the first expeditions to search for a north-west passage. Martin Frobisher was born near Wakefield in about 1535. In November 1594 he was He believed that the strait, now known as Hudson Strait, was less likely to be an entrance to the North-west Passage than Frobisher Bay ('Frobisher's Strait' to him). It enjoyed fair weather and favourable winds on its passage across the Atlantic, and "Friesland" (southern Greenland) was first sighted on 4 July. some days, the result being that five of Frobishers men were When Sir Martin Frobisher was born in 1535, in Altofts, Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom, his father, Bernard Frobisher, was 26 and his mother, Lady Margaret Yorke, was 21. Having made arrangements with one of the Inuit to guide them through the region, Frobisher sent five of his men in a ship's boat to return him to shore, instructing them to avoid getting too close to any of the others. 69 Reviews Study now Add your answer: Earn + 20 pts Q: What day was Martin frobisher born? Like much else in Martin Frobisher's life, its beginning is a matter of some uncertainty. There, he and his crew met the resident Inuit. Indeed, it was partly his greed for gold that sent him on . Appleyard was licensed to seize ships of the French Catholic party and financed a fleet of three vessels. Dennis of 100 tons, drove the fleet unwittingly up a new 2 Citations [ S37] BP2003 volume 2, page 2674. The ships hoisted sail the same evening and set course westwards, sailing west by north for three days until a violent storm arose and pounded them continuously through 8 July. The landmass was actually the southernmost tip of Baffin Island; Frobisher named it "Queen Elizabeth's Foreland". Island was reached on the 18th of August, and some natives YORK the natives, and earnest but futile attempts made to recover the the coast of Labrador in lat. [11][12] The expedition abandoned Frobisher and went elsewhere to trade, eventually returning to England with a valuable cargo of gold, pepper, and ivory. Sir Martin Frobisher was born circa 1535 at Altofts, Yorkshire, England. Richard was born circa 1809, in Pontefract, Yorkshire. He paid particular attention to a daughter of Thomas, 1st Baron Wentworth, Dorothy Wentworth, (1543 3 January 1601), recently widowed by the death of her husband, Paul Withypool of Ipswich;[108][109][110] sometime before October she became Frobisher's second wife. northwards being prevented by ice and contrary winds, Frobisher He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director. Martin Frobisher Infants School in Altofts is named after him. Still have questions? However, before they could conclude a deal, a Portuguese ship appeared offshore and fired on the English fleet. stormy weather and dangerous ice prevented the rendezvous [101][102], Frobisher was knighted for valour on 26 July 1588 by Lord Howard aboard Howard's flagship Ark Royal, alongside Sheffield, Thomas Howard, and Hawkins. [76] It was resolved to send out the largest expedition yet, with everything necessary to establish a colony of 100 men. He was born at his family's ancestral home of Altofts: a small manor in the parish of Normanton, near Wakefield . Among the things which had been hastily brought away Corrections? Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! Letters from the Privy Council were waiting for him at Harwich, however, commanding him to trim the excess; consequently, he sent the convicts and several seamen ashore at the harbour on 31 May and set sail northwards to Scotland. Sir Martin was an English privateer who was successful in plundering the riches from the French vessels. [42] Gabriel sailed north-westwards, keeping in sight of the bay's north shore. In 1569 he was again arrested by admiralty officers and imprisoned first at Fleet prison and then at Marshalsea. of the newly discovered territory, which she herself named . In the 1560s Humphrey Gilbert was an influential advocate for seeking a north-west passage and penned a detailed treatise in support of the idea. by the men was some black earth, and just as it seemed The Englishmen managed to disrupt the plans of Philip II of Spain (r. 1556-1598 CE) who was trying to build up his Spanish Armada to attack England. Mistakenly and rather optimistically thinking he had reached the coast of Asia, Frobisher named the inlet which led hopefully westwards the Frobisher Strait. 62 2 N. Some days later the He then kidnapped an Inuit man, who had kayaked to the European ship to trade, and brought him back that fall to England, where the captive soon died. [24], The terms of his release are unknown but it appears that Frobisher was required to undertake certain assignments at the direction of the Privy Council. Frobisher was received and thanked by the queen at Windsor. Meantime the He became an excellent pirate. From the early 1560s on, he looked for sponsors who would agree to finance a voyage to Asia via the Northwest. at Greenwich, and her Majesty threw a fine chain of gold around engaged with a squadron in the siege and relief of Brest, when Fire Ships Attack the Spanish ArmadaUnknown Artist (Public Domain) He had made three expeditions to the New World in search of the Northwest Passage to be used as a trading route to India and China. a landed proprietor in Yorkshire and Notts. 1 Biography 1.1 Burial 1.2 Occupation 2 Sources Biography Martin Frobisher is Notable. anchor in Frobisher Bay. [117] His heart was buried at St Andrew's Church, Plymouth, and his body was then taken to London and buried at St Giles-without-Cripplegate, Fore Street.[118][119]. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. The local government refused to deal with the English until they provided a hostage to ensure negotiations in good faith. The boat's crew disobeyed, however, and five of Frobisher's men were taken captive.[45]. SIR MARTIN FROBISHER (c. 1535-1594), English navigator and explorer, was the fourth child of Bernard Frobisher, and was born, it is usually stated, at Doncaster, but more probably at Altofts in the parish of Normanton, Yorkshire, some time between 1530 and 1540. This page was last edited on 18 March 2016, at 20:09. 1535 near Wakefield, England; died 22 November 1594 in Plymouth, England). Charlotte was born circa 1813, in Swillington, Yorkshire. Martin Frobisher. Queen Elizabeth, who herself named the area of land that Martin Frobisher had explored Meta Incognita, commissioned a larger expedition based on the prospect of gold. [citation needed]. Sir Martin Frobisher Early Life, Voyages, Facts & Activities - KidsKonnect dispute among the various parties interested. In 1578, Frobisher took part in a campaign to quell a rebellion in Ireland and in 1585 he sailed to the West Indies as Sir Francis Drakes vice admiral. F. Joness Life of Frobisher (1878); Julian Corbett, A SR Lord Nelson class steam locomotive was named after him. of 120 men, including miners, refiners, &c., left Blackwall, Web. Frobisher and his crew would eventually return to England with about 200 tonnes of what they incorrectly believed to be gold ore, along with three Inuit captives, who soon died. Irish insurgents, and in the same year obtained a grant of the ","creator":{"@type":"Person","name":"Cornelis Ketel"},"creditText":"Cornelis Ketel / Wikipedia","dateModified":"2023-07-26T23:37:05+0000","datePublished":"2020-06-15T10:00:32+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"Martin Frobisher by Ketel","height":1609,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isBasedOn":{"@type":"CreativeWork","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Martin_Frobisher_by_Cornelis_Ketel.jpeg"},"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/12369/martin-frobisher-by-ketel/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/12369/martin-frobisher-by-ketel/","width":760}. The Company of Cathay was duly formed with even Elizabeth contributing 1,000 and giving Frobisher a new ship, a 200-ton man-of-war named Aid. Martin Frobisher was once again imprisoned briefly by the admiralty court. However, Frobisher refused to limit his depredations to French Catholic vessels and also seized Protestant ships carrying English goods. Sir John Franklin and a crew of 128 men disappeared while searching for the fabled Northwest Passage . Dorothy May . York was an investor in the enterprise and Frobisher accompanied the fleet in an unknown capacity. Sir Martin Frobisher, mariner, privateer, explorer (born ca. [9] Three ships left Dartmouth in November 1554 under the command of John Lok. wife, a daughter of Lord Wentworth, becoming at the same time After great curtesie, and many meetings, our mariners, contrary to their captaines direction, began more easily to trust them; and five of our men going ashore were by them intercepted with their boat, and were never since heard of to this day againe. Mother of John F. Frobisher; Sir Martin Frobisher; Magaret Frobisher; Jane Frobisher and Davey Ffrubisher. The small fleet left Dartford on 7 June 1576 CE. He married Isabell Richard on 30 May 1559, in Snaith, Yorkshire, England. On 20 July 1588, the Spanish Armada set sail from Corunna in Galicia to escort the Army of Flanders, led by the Duke of Parma, to invade England. This rather undistinguished early career then took an upturn as Elizabeth's chief minister William Cecil, Lord Burghley, took an interest in the adventurer and enrolled him in exploration for the Crown. . On the latter of these expeditions, Frobisher sailed up Hudson Strait but then turned back to anchor at Frobisher Bay, where his attempts to establish a colony were unsuccessful. [3] He was the third of five children when his father died prematurely in 1542. Frobisher would never recover the men. Cite This Work Below is another extract from an officer's diary, here describing the foul weather the second expedition encountered: Here, in place of odoriferous and fragrant smels of sweete gums, and pleasant notes of musicall birdes, which other Countreys in more temperate Zones do yeeld, wee tasted the most boisterous Boreal blasts mixt with snow and haile, in the moneths of June and July, nothing inferior to our untemperate winterAll along this coast yce [ice] lieth, as a continual bulwarke, and so defendeth the Countrey, that those that would land there, incur great danger. He found, however, Sir Martin Frobisher. faith of the queen and others remained strong in the productiveness He returned to the Arctic twice more, in 1577 and 1578. London and buried at St Giles, Cripplegate. In 1554 he was captured by the Portuguese, and after serving as a marchant in Morocco, he became a privateer based in southern Ireland. Sir Martin Frobisher. Englands great naval heroes. For fifteen years he solicited under the care of a kinsman, Sir John York, who in 1544 placed Sir Martin Frobisher (/frobr/; c. 1535 22 November 1594[1]) was an English sailor and privateer who made three voyages to the New World looking for the North-west Passage. the voyage alone, on the 28th of July the Gabriel sighted The Canadian Encyclopedia is a project of Historica Canada, a non-profit, nonpartisan [21] His brother, John Frobisher, was captain of the Mary Flower and escaped arrest. The Royal Navy Hawkins-class cruiser HMSFrobisher was named after him. [88] The Cathay Company went bankrupt and Michael Lok was ruined, being sent to debtors' prison several times. [18][19], In 1563, Frobisher became involved in a privateering venture with his brother, John Frobisher, and a fellow Yorkshireman, John Appleyard. Some Inuit were forcibly kept on the ships and there was a skirmish when the Inuit attacked a number of seamen with their bows and arrows. Martin Frobisher - Spartacus Educational On the last day of August 1578, the fleet set out on its return and reached England at the beginning of October, although the vessel Emanuel was wrecked en route at Ard na Caithne on the west coast of Ireland. Frobisher went on voyages to the Guinea coast of Africa in 1553 and 1554, and during the 1560s he preyed on French shipping in the English Channel under a privateering license from the English crown; he was arrested several times on charges of piracy but never brought to trial. Inuit by John WhiteJohn White (CC BY-NC-SA) Pyrite: 4 Stories About Fool's Gold | Vienna Imports Vols I and II, London: The Argonaut Press, 1938. to have been somewhat rough in his bearing, and too strict a country was threatened with invasion by the Spanish Armada, In the 1530s, Robert Thorne and Roger Barlow tried unsuccessfully to interest Henry VIII in a plan to sail directly over the North Pole to China. By May 1563, they had seized five French ships and brought them to Plymouth harbour. The expedition left England in May 1578, arriving at Frobisher's strait in July. brought home. day of August the fleet set out on its return to England, which 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica/Frobisher, Sir Martin Frobishers name was one of four mentioned by the lord high [122], The small settlement of Frobisher, Saskatchewan, and Frobisher Lake, in northern and southern Saskatchewan, respectively. 2 He married Dorothy Wentworth, daughter of Thomas Wentworth, 1st Lord Wentworth and Margaret Fortescue, in 1564. important expedition than the former was fitted out, the queen lending the Aid from the royal navy and subscribing 1000 [28], Frobisher's squadron was close inshore at dawn on 25 July 1588, the only one landwards of the Armada that morning; the sea was dead calm when he engaged the Duke of Medina Sidonia's flagship San Martn and gave her another pummeling like that of a few days past. In the 1570s, he made three voyages in search of the Northwest Passage, to the East Indies and Cathay, all of which ended unsuccessfully. Submitted by Mark Cartwright, published on 16 June 2020. of the most able seamen of his time and justly takes rank among Admiral Sir Martin Frobisher 1535-1594 - Ancestry Many more attempts were subsequently made by many different explorers but the navigation of the Northwest Passage would have to wait for the early years of the 20th century CE and the efforts of the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen (1872-1928 CE). Sir Martin Frobisher (c. 1535-1594 CE) was an Elizabethan adventurer and explorer who embarked on three expeditions in the 1570s CE to chart the waters of the North American Arctic and find the Northwest Passage to Asia. Arnaq - Wikipedia It is unknown whether or not his request was ever granted. In 1574, Frobisher petitioned the Privy Council for permission and financial support to lead an expedition to find a north-west passage to "the Southern Sea" (the Pacific Ocean) and thence to Cathay. Pushing further south they reached Benin and negotiated directly with the king, Oba Orhogbua for 80 tons of melegueta pepper. Early Life Martin Frobisher was born in 1535 (some say 1539) in Yorkshire, England. After vainly Sir Martin Frobisher | Encyclopedia.com Queen Elizabeth I's Sea Dogs During the Elizabethan period the term 'Sea Dogs' was allotted to various buccaneers and adventurers enlisted by Queen Elizabeth I as privateers, or sea-raiders. There is no indication that he had any success in this effort. In 1576 CE, Frobisher embarked on his most ambitious project yet, to find the fabled Northwest Passage that, at least in summer, might lead through the freezing waters of North America and reach Asia with its lucrative silk and spice trade. [49][50] Our team will be reviewing your submission and get back to you with any further questions. This strange land was inhospitable, full only of endless islands, ice & freezing fog banks. [22][23], On 31 October 1566, Frobisher was again set free on the condition that he refrain from going to sea without a license. Frobisher used his boats to manoeuvre Triumph with good effect and managed to escape when the wind shifted again, allowing him the weather gage. Encouraged, Frobisher returned to Canada with an even larger fleet and dug several mines around Frobisher Bay. For a brief time Frobisher associated with other notable privateers including John Hawkins and William Winter. Early in life, Martin was packed off to live with his uncle in London, Sir John York, who, significantly for Frobisher's later career, was a merchant who traded in exotic goods. He reached Labrador and Baffin Island and discovered the bay that now bears his name. Biography Frobisher was born in Yorkshire in the Kingdom of England, and became a seaman at the age of 9. Martin Frobisher - Historical records and family trees - MyHeritage Martin Frobisher was the first Englishman since the Cabots to look for the Northwest Passage, and was the first European to sail into what later became known as Hudson Strait. [13][14], The circumstances and timing of Frobisher's return from Portugal are unclear. separated, arrived later at Bristol and Yarmouth. Again Queen Elizabeth contributed to the enterprise and so did her notoriously tight-fisted Lord Burghley. "Martin Frobisher." His stated intention was to outfit the ships for a trading expedition to the Guinea coast. 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica/Frobisher, Sir Martin, https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=1911_Encyclopdia_Britannica/Frobisher,_Sir_Martin&oldid=6154377. determined to sail westward up this passage (which he conceived [48] Hall and Frobisher each attempted landing in the ship's boat but were driven back by fog and the certain knowledge of unseen ice in the water before them. He carried 1,350 tons of the ore back to England, where, after years of smelting, it was realized that the ore was a worthless rock containing the mineral hornblende. [52] Ignoring the negative reports, Lok secretly wrote to the Queen to inform her of the encouraging result,[53] and used this assessment to lobby investors to finance another voyage. 23rd of September; the Gabriel and Michael, having This took up much time, and led to considerable The next day, Frobisher and a small party landed at Little Hall's Island in Ayde's pinnace to search for more samples of the black ore acquired originally by Robert Garrard, but found none. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Frobisher, Dictionary of Canadian Biography - Biography of Sir Martin Frobisher, United States History - Biography of Martin Frobisher, Public Broadcasting Service - Biography of Sir Martin Frobisher, Elizabethan Era - Biography of Sir Martin Frobisher, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Martin Frobisher. [47] Frobisher turned homewards, and was well received by the Queen when he docked in London on 9 October. The family was left in the care of his uncle, Francis Frobisher. [31][32], In 1576, Frobisher persuaded the Muscovy Company to license his expedition. [28], Throughout much of the sixteenth century, the feasibility of a northern route to Cathay and the East Indies was debated and tested by England. a good word from Queen Elizabeth at Greenwich, set sail on the reached London on the 9th of October. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. The family came originally from North Wales. was sent in command of a small fleet to the coast of Spain. ","creator":{"@type":"Person","name":"John White"},"creditText":"John White / British Museum","dateModified":"2023-07-28T02:08:25+0000","datePublished":"2020-06-15T10:10:47+0000","encodingFormat":"image/png","headline":"Inuit Skirmish by John White","height":411,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isBasedOn":{"@type":"CreativeWork","url":"https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_SL-5270-12"},"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/12371/inuit-skirmish-by-john-white/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/12371/inuit-skirmish-by-john-white/","width":355}. Martin Frobisher by KetelCornelis Ketel (Public Domain) [66] There was much parleying and some skirmishing with the Inuit, and earnest but futile attempts were made to recover the five men captured the previous year. The pinnace had already been lost in a storm prior to Baffin Island, and the Michael returned to England thinking Frobisher and the Gabriel had sunk. In the 1560s CE, the young adventurer was imprisoned in a Portuguese fortress on the coast of West Africa, served in Ireland as an agent of the Crown, and narrowly avoided a debtor's prison back home.